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USA

USA offshore wind overview.

The United States has a small but growing offshore wind fleet and a large Atlantic pipeline. State demand remains strong in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic, but federal policy uncertainty, permitting risk, supply-chain costs and interconnection constraints have slowed delivery. The 30 GW by 2030 target is now highly challenging, though projects such as Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind keep the build-out moving.North America331m people

At a Glance

Installed offshore wind

800 MW

National target

30GW by 2030Currently 2.7% achieved

Operational projects

Pipeline capacity

62.2 GWPlanned, consented and in build

Renewables share

36%of installed capacity

Offshore wind share

0%of installed capacity

Capacity growth since 2020

14%

Fastest-growing technology since 2020

Solar PV+136.1 GW

Market Readiness

Market stage

Highly active market with a strong pipeline, established delivery model, and repeat projects.

Consenting window

Typical offshore wind consenting timescale: 31-62 months.

Electricity system

Complex multi-jurisdiction system. FERC (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission) oversees interstate transmission. BOEM (Bureau of Ocean Energy Management) manages federal offshore leasing. State-level offtake: OREC (Offshore Renewable Energy Certificate) contracts in MA, NJ, NY, CT, MD. ISO-NE, NYISO, PJM are main eastern grid operators. Jones Act limits foreign vessel use in US EEZ — significant construction cost driver. EIA open data API extensively documented.

Grid context

Federal offshore wind projects connect to the onshore grid through ISO or RTO large generator interconnection processes — primarily ISO-NE and PJM for current Atlantic projects — under FERC jurisdiction. Grid connection is a separate and entirely distinct process from BOEM's federal permitting, running in parallel but typically on a longer critical path due to ISO queue backlogs and required network upgrades. Onshore transmission constraints and interconnection costs are a significant and growing risk factor for US offshore wind project economics.